منابع مشابه
The mechanical power requirements of avian flight.
A major goal of flight research has been to establish the relationship between the mechanical power requirements of flight and flight speed. This relationship is central to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of bird flight behaviour. Current approaches to determining flight power have relied on a variety of indirect measurements and led to a controversy over the shape of the power-s...
متن کاملThe avian embryo responding to microgravity of space flight.
Central questions and paradigms of developmental biology have in recent decades evolved to stress gene regulation. (See Moore, 1987 for an excellent review). However, during fertilization and the pre-embryonic cleavage stages, cells of identical genome are responding to multiple microenvironmental factors, e.g., pH, spatial position, temperature, osmotic and barometric pressure, light, electr...
متن کاملThe Function of the Alula in Avian Flight
The alula is a small structure located at the joint between the hand-wing and arm-wing of birds and is known to be used in slow flight with high angles of attack such as landing. It is assumed to function similarly to a leading-edge slat that increases lift and delays stall. However, in spite of its universal presence in flying birds and the wide acceptance of stall delay as its main function, ...
متن کاملThe physiology and biomechanics of avian flight at high altitude.
Many birds fly at high altitude, either during long-distance flights or by virtue of residence in high-elevation habitats. Among the many environmental features that vary systematically with altitude, five have significant consequences for avian flight performance: ambient wind speeds, air temperature, humidity, oxygen availability, and air density. During migratory flights, birds select flight...
متن کاملAvian Wing Proportions and Flight Styles: First Step towards Predicting the Flight Modes of Mesozoic Birds
We investigated the relationship between wing element proportions and flight mode in a dataset of living avian species to provide a framework for making basic estimates of the range of flight styles evolved by Mesozoic birds. Our results show that feather length (f(prim)) and total arm length (ta) (sum of the humerus, ulna and manus length) ratios differ significantly between four flight style ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Auk
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1938-4254,0004-8038
DOI: 10.1093/auk/123.4.1198